an anchor buoy does a few things:
let's you, and others, know where your line is if you leave
keeps your holding "spot"
if your boat becomes detached from your anchor line - you don't loose your anchor!
You really shouldn't
need a spring line. It will take some of the jolt off the bow eye when rollers are coming, but if you bow is pulling up on your anchor you really don't have enough line out. Now that's in a perfect world. Where most of us boat, we don't have the luxury of pulling 7x the line per depth to properly anchor. That's where the stretch line comes in, it takes some of the shock out of bow rise so you don't continually pull up your anchor. Just get a few feet of bungee cord and it'll do the trick. Don't use bungee on the shore side...
better to learn something here than the hard way in the water... although it is fun to watch
