The J-tubes?
Here's what I know being exposed to marine carburetors for decades.
If you put a regular carburetor next the same model marine version the differences are pretty subtle.
The J-tubes are to dump overflow fuel from the bowls down the throat of the intake killing the engine. A regular carburetor would be Niagara Falls all over the intake.
The throttle shafts are also different, they have seals on the shafts in the throttle body.
Another difference is the throttle lever and return spring, the lever has fewer attachment points and has a stronger throttle return spring.
Most of them have off road style "loaded" floats.
Many of them, especially Holley, have another port that allows the secondary fuel pump diaphragm hose to be attached to the carburetor. Again, killing or flooding the motor in the event of a fuel pump failure.
On electric choke models, the choke actuator is sealed with a gasket and the shaft has a seal of sorts.
More often than not they have a flare fitting on the inlet and not a barb. This is to be hard piped to the pump with steel (or stainless steel) tubing.
The only other thing out of the ordinary is the "SAE J" tag. Which is supposed to be clearly visible. Often a bright color.
GT