They've all pulled the threads either off the center bolt or the plate.
Do the pullers you are using have a separate tapered tip that rotates individually of the threaded shaft? Or is the threaded shaft all one piece?
If the tip is not allowed to spin friction free (or close to it) all your pulling power will be eaten up.
I have a Blue Point one that I have been using for 20+ years. It has literally pulled the three 3/8" bolts right through the balancer before, never stripped/broke.

Also, an impact is no bueno for pulling. (too much heat).
A cheap experiment would be to try a small bearing in between the end of the puller and the crank snout.